DISTRIBUTION: Unlimited. The U.S. Army conducts urinalysis testing on soldiers through a well-defined and long established program.1,–3 All specimens are collected and delivered to the Army and sister service FTDTLs under strict chain-of-custody procedures. Testing for the semisynthetic opiates hydrocodone (i.e., Vicodin, Norco, Lortab, etc.) This video I break down the common sense of military drug test to if it's a concern do not get tested. The Army carries out random, compulsory drugs testing, and you can expect to be tested while you're in training. This increased workload is not surprising since the number of Army personnel expanded to support the Global War on Terrorism starting in FY02. 5). The Department of Defense (DoD) has conducted over 30 years of urinalysis testing for drugs of abuse. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Conclusion: The drug-testing program continues to serve as a vital deterrent as evidenced by the Army's overall positive rate being well below the 8.9% estimated illicit use in the civilian population. A small percentage of specimens are not tested at the Army FTDTLs because they do not meet specific DoD-established forensic standards.1,–3 The overall rejection rate for submitted Army specimens from FY01 to FY11 was 1.92%. Laboratories must also participate in a monthly Armed Forces Medical Examiners System blind and open proficiency testing program and are required to accurately identify these specimens to continue testing each of the drugs in the DoD testing panel. Since heroin and its metabolite 6-AM have short half-lives (approximately 6 minutes and 0.5 hour, respectively), it is likely that many other soldiers are abusing heroin and not being identified.13,14 Heroin has been rated the most addictive and harmful of commonly abused drugs.15 The resurgence of heroin abuse in the Army reflects heroin's recent reemergence in American society. This is achievable. The bottles are boxed into batches, and the test administrator begins a chain-of-custody document for each batch. In FY11, the total number of Army urinalysis specimens tested was 2,182,978 with 74.50% submitted by the AD, 17.01 % from the NG ,and 8.49% from the RES. Military applicants are currently tested for more than 26 drugs. In each of these assays, SM specimens are batched together and each batch must meet stringent internal quality control acceptability criteria. The Army's average positive rate for marijuana from FY01 to FY11 was 0.79%, and the cocaine rate was 0.26%. If a commander does not have probable cause, the commander can ask the member for "consent to search." The FTDTL system is a dynamic work environment; drugs with a very low positive rate are dropped from testing and replaced with those more prevalently abused. Historically, THC has been the drug with the highest positive rate in the Army and it is the most commonly abused illegal drug in the United States.8,9 This Army trend was not observed from FY06 onward when the pain medications OXCOD and OXMOR were tested at the FTDTLs (Table II). Unless stated otherwise, positive rates are defined as the number of drug positive results in a certain time period divided by the total number of tested specimens multiplied by 100. During this period, the AD positive rates for COD have slightly decreased and in FY11 equaled the MOR rates. Each member of the armed forces undergoes at least one random drug test per year (in the Navy this is upped to 4 a month and in the Reserves once every two years and equals roughly 600,000 tests each month). (SMA) 11-4658, Substance Use Disorders in the U.S. Armed Forces, Trends in prescription drug utilization and spending for the Department of Defense, 2002–2007, Prevalence of use study for amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine in military entrance processing stations specimens, American Association of Clinical Chemistry Press, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse. Removals occurred in FY05 for the barbiturate class of drugs and in FY07 for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). An Introduction to Military Justice and Its History, What You Should Know About Passing Employment Drug Tests, Part 2 of Our Guide to US Military Enlistment Standards, Understanding Blood Drug Tests for Employment. Specimens are initially screened by immunoassay for the presence of certain drug classes using high throughput automated chemistry analyzers. The program seeks to achieve a fighting force where the testing positive rates are 10% less than the rates in the previous year, and 30-day use rates are 25% less than the previous three years for high-risk groups (18 to 25-year-old enlisted males). Heroin is readily available on the street and costs less than the diverted semisynthetic opiates OXCOD and HYCOD. Over- the-counter cold medications and dietary supplements might cause a screening test to come up positive, but that the more specific secondary testing would positively identify the medication. The 2010 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration survey of the U.S. general population estimated illicit use to be 8.9%.9 The higher rate seen with the NG relative to the AD was previously observed in FY97-00 urinalysis data.5. Further, each FTDTL must participate in an extramural quality assurance program that involves three rigorous inspections a year by military and civilian forensic toxicology experts. A closer analysis of our THC data for the AD revealed a surge in the positive rate from FY07 to FY09 and then a significant decrease. That month, federal legislation was enacted that classified nearly all synthetic cannabinoids as Schedule 1 drugs and hence illegal in nature. The drug test is done without warning and typically involves a urine test. This recent decrease coincides with the emergence of synthetic cannabinoids in the United States. Those samples that rescreen positive are tested a third time via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Does a Positive Drug Test Disqualify You From Enlistment? Some laboratories do test every sample for every drug. Conceivably, AD soldiers may be ingesting other drugs of abuse that generate a similar high to THC that the FTDTLs are not testing. Testing for the discontinued drugs and other nonroutine drugs like ketamine, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, or mescaline is conducted at the Armed Forces Medical Examiners System Division of Forensic Toxicology. In other words, the member can be discharged, but what kind of discharge he/she receives (honorable, general, other-than-honorable) depends upon his/her military record (WITHOUT using the urinalysis results). Although a certain low level of specimens will fail to meet forensic acceptability standards and not be tested at the FTDTLs, it is disappointing that the RES rejection rate from FY01-11 was nearly four-fold higher than the AD and NG. Even if a particular drug is detected, if the level is below a certain threshold, the test result is reported back to the commander as negative. In FY11, the total number of Army specimens tested was 2,182,978 with 74.50% submitted by the AD, 17.01% from the NG, and 8.49% from the RES. According to a 2012 Institute of Medicine report, military physicians in 2009 wrote more than four times (400%) the number of pain medication prescriptions than in 2001,10 even though the size of the force only expanded by approximately 20%. Like all other branches of the U.S. military, the Army requires incoming recruits to be tested for illegal drugs at a Military Entry Processing Station, or MEPS. In this case, the report that goes back to the commander says negative. The initial screening of urinalysis specimens uses Food and Drug Administration–approved immunoassays. But not all samples are tested for all of these drugs. The component rates were 0.84%, 1.53%, and 1.94% for the active duty, Reserve, and National Guard, respectively. Further, DoD pharmaceutical spending more than doubled from FY02 to FY07.11 The majority of the urinalysis drug positive results for OXMOR, OXCOD, COD, MOR, and d-AMP were caused by legitimate prescriptions and not misuse based upon Army-mandated MRO reviews (data not shown). The FY11 drug positive rates were appreciably lower than these peak levels; the AD had decreased by 13.83%, the RES by 6.60%, and the NG by 8.06%. These include lorazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, temazepam, and alpha-hydroxy alprazolam. This is where a commander orders a random test on all or a particular unit. Again, results of urinalysis tests obtained through search authorizations can be used in courts-martial, article 15,  and involuntary discharges, including service characterization. They are commonly referred to as Spice or K2 and were advertised as a “legal high” before July 2012. This Regulation is approved for public release. The AD positive rate for COC decreased three-fold from its high in FY06 to the FY11 rate. The FY11 drug positive rates in decreasing order were oxymorphone > oxycodone > marijuana > d-amphetamine > codeine > cocaine > morphine > d-methamphetamine > methylenedioxymethamphetamine > heroin > methylenedioxyamphetamine > phencyclidine. If you fail any of the tests, you're very likely be discharged. One is … 4), when d-isomer-specific testing began, to their peak levels in FY11. The last three represent a class of multiple drugs that are screened together but confirmed separately. Over these 11 years, 1.06% of Army specimens were positive for one or more drugs in the DoD testing panel. Urgent Care Hawaii - Pearl City. The Army Substance Abuse Program is an anti-substance abuse program in the United States Army, operated by the Army Center for Substance Abuse Programs.. PCP dropped in FY12 and hydrocodone, hydromorphone added. An example of the latter is the deacetylation of heroin resulting in its unique 6-AM metabolite that is subsequently deacetylated to form MOR. This accounts for nearly 80% of the heroin positives in the DoD and represents a more than a seven-fold increase in the number of positives since FY05. After arrival at the lab, samples then undergo an initial immunoassay screening (using the Olympus AU-800 Automated Chemistry Analyzer). Based upon the expanded DoD drug test panel in FY13, the low MDMA positive rates merit comment. Not I used the term "wrongful." This includes the correct analysis of both open and blind quality control specimens for each drug being assayed. For a physical health assessment (?) (6) Drug or alcohol test results, if the Soldier voluntarily submits to a DOD or Army rehabilitation program before the Soldier has received an order to submit for a lawful drug or alcohol test. The drug positive rate peaked in FY08 for the AD, FY10 for the RES, and FY07 for the NG. One is located at Tripler Army Medical Center, Hawaii, and the other at Fort George Gordon Meade, Maryland. Correspondence. Search for other works by this author on: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Program, Drug positive rates for the Army from fiscal years 1991 to 2000 and for the National Guard from fiscal years 1997 to 2000, Military drug positive rates in the European theatre drug rates in Europe, Medical Review Officers and Review of Positive Urinalysis Drug Testing Results, Summary of Findings from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Abuse, NSDUH series H-41, HHS publication no. There has been a significant progressive decrease in the Army's COC positive rate from FY06 to FY11 (Fig. A significant minority of positive specimens were positive for multiple drugs because of polyabuse and/or normal drug metabolism in the human body. These two FTDTLs conduct the vast majority of Army specimen testing, test all Coast Guard specimens, and support testing of nearby Navy and Air Forces units. Most importantly, there appears to be a significant number of soldiers being prescribed OXCOD to treat chronic pain and d-AMP (i.e., Adderall) for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Medical Testing Testing for the benzodiazepine drug class started in November 2012 with the conformational analysis of five different drugs or drug metabolites. Results: From FY01 to FY11, the Army's positive rate was 1.06%. However, commanders cannot order specific individuals to take a "random" test. Urine screens are the most common method of drug testing. Random Testing. 2Naval Criminal Investigative Service, Hawaii Field Office, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Members do not have a right to refuse medical testing in the military. Every sample gets tested for marijuana, cocaine, and amphetamines, including ecstasy. The AD positive rate for THC has decreased over two-fold from FY01 to FY11 (Fig. The AD ecstasy (i.e., MDMA) positive rate has decreased seven-fold from its high in FY06 to the FY11 rate of 0.01% (data not shown). In FY11, OXCOD was the third highest prescribed medication in the DoD based upon an internal report by the Pharmacy Data Transaction Services. There are five types of drug tests in the Military. The AD positive rate increased nearly five-fold, whereas the NG and RES exhibited an over three-fold increase. the tamc address is tripler army medical center, forensic toxicology drug lab, 1 jarrett white road bldg 40, tripler amc, hawaii 96859-5000. the tamc poc is dr. cathy okano, email Commanders can request samples be tested for steroids. How the Air Force Deals with Substance Abuse. Lower Positive MEPS Drug Tests This means that the drill instructor of every unit is able to call for either his entire unit or a part of his unit undergoes drug testing when he/she wishes. They are … The examination of specific drug positive rates from FY01 to FY11 illustrates some significant trends. The signs of drug … 3). In the opiates class, drugs confirmed include codeine (COD) and morphine (MOR). Hence, heroin abusers can test positive for both 6-AM and MOR. The press and UK parliament keep a close eye on the results of the British Army’s compulsory drug testing of military personnel. Occasionally, specimens are screened for the entire drug panel at the request of the submitting unit. Apart from the commonly prescribed OXCOD and its active metabolite OXMOR, all the other drugs tested in the DoD panel had consistently low positive rates. BBB Rating: … Executive Summary. These include COD to MOR, d-METH to d-AMP, MDMA to MDA, and OXCOD into OXMOR. But not all samples are tested for all of these drugs. and hydromorphone (i.e., Dilaudid) began in May 2012. The OXCOD rates for the AD and NG are consistent with the American general workforce based upon urinalysis testing done by Quest Diagnostics.8 Their results showed that the OXCOD positive rate increased 10% from 2010 to 2011 and had increased 20% since 2007. In this case, the samples are sent to the Olympic testing laboratory at the University of California at Los Angeles. Urinalysis tests given to new recruits falls under this category. conducted training to the service members on how to conduct a drug test with in Army Regulations. Finally, those that are positive during two screening tests are put through a much more specific gas chromatography/mass spectrometry test. Although this THC rate is considered high by current standards, it is a dramatic improvement from the 1980s. The program is governed by AR 600-85, MEDCOM Reg 40-51, ALARACT 062/2011, DA Pam 600-85, and the Employee Assistance Program (EAP). From FY01 to FY11, the Army's average COC rate was 0.26%. Oxycodone drug class testing began in FY06, reflecting the general rise of pain medication abuse. Before the start of testing for OXCOD and OXMOR in FY06, the drug that consistently had the second highest positive rate was COC. TYPES OF TEST Ability Tests (Army Cognitive Test (Verifier)) - Taken on a computer, this is designed to measure your soldier potential. Smith’s sample was assessed at Tripler Army Medical Center in Hawaii. This is a decrease from FY97 to FY00 when there was a reported COC positive rate of 0.19% for AD and 0.51% in the NG.5 Closer analysis of our data show significant decreases from FY08 to FY11, which coincides with the emergence of bath salts in the United States; these drugs produce a COC-like euphoria. Specimen preparation for GC/MS typically involves a solid phase extraction with a deuterated internal standard followed by chemical derivatization. Drug Testing Coordinator Bethesda/Walter Reed (Current Employee) – Walter Reed Army Medical Center, DC – October 7, 2019 Working with all branches of service and civilians. Samples that screen positive are then rescreened with a second immunoassay using a new urine aliquot with a negative blank placed between samples to identify carry over issues. The Department of Defense (DoD) has conducted over 30 years of urinalysis testing for drugs of abuse. The Army Medical Command mandates that all drug positives in the opiates, steroids, oxycodone, and amphetamine drug classes be assessed by a medical review officer (MRO) before being released to the unit.7 If the soldier's medical record contains a prescription that could cause the positive urinalysis result, then the MRO documents an authorized use and the positive result will not be released to the unit. 9. shipping. From FY01 through FY11, overall drug positive rates were consistently much higher in the NG and RES than in the AD. The AD positive rate for THC has decreased over two-fold from FY01 to FY11 with a record low of 0.34% in FY11. This is testing which is accomplished in compliance with any medical requirements such as entry into the military (MEPS). Of a total of 2,609 drugs identified in this FY11 report, d-AMP was the 63rd most prescribed medication. DoD labs are equipped to test for marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, LSD, opiates (including morphine and heroin), barbiturates and PCP. Recruits are getting tested harder presently than in the past. Most drug tests you will experience will be random testing and some days your number may not be picked and only a portion of your command will be tested. Those selected must be truly "random." October 27, 2011 - The Director, Drug Testing and Program Policy approved a request from the Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC) Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratory (FTDTL) to conduct live testing of service member urinalysis specimens utilizing … Reprint & Copyright © Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S. A far more common metabolic example is the cytochrome P-450 catalyzed demethylation of several drugs in the DoD test panel. In conclusion, the FTDTL urinalysis drug testing program continues to be successful in reducing drug abuse in the Army. Not only are illegal drugs tested, but so are prescription drugs. Essentially for a drug positive result to be released to its originating unit, the sample must have tested positive in a minimum of three different laboratory assays. Here, we examine the longitudinal nature of Army drug use, globally and by component, and directly compare these results to previously published data.5,6. To support this mission, the Army currently operates two of the six DoD Forensic Toxicology Drug Testing Laboratories (FTDTL). The primary job of Military Entrance Processing Station is to determine, under military regulations, policies and federal law, whether or not you are qualified to serve in the United States Armed Forces, and if so, what jobs you may qualify for under individual service regulations. This represents a 35.82% increase for the AD, a similar trend was observed with the NG. In FY01, the NG had similarly high rejection rates but through expanded training and improved quality control the issue was resolved. The AD rate of OXCOD positives has also steadily increased from 0.67% in FY06 to the present high of 0.91% (Fig. However, commander-directed urinalysis results may not be used for court-martial or article 15 purposes. In this final confirmation assay, a third aliquot is analyzed that unequivocally identifies the specific drug or drug metabolite and accurately quantifies the amount present. The AD ecstasy positive rate has decreased seven-fold from its high in FY06 to its present low of 0.01%, and the NG and RES have consistently had rates below this. It is noteworthy that the RES positive rate for OXCOD tripled from FY06 to FY11. These submission rates were consistent with the FY01 rates. Commander Directed. The military tests you when you want to join and continues testing after you have signed up. The commander cannot select a particular individual to take a random test it must be a group. Based upon how heroin abusers clearly endanger the force, the DoD might consider lowering the 6-AM cutoffs to detect more abusers. This data are illustrated in Figure 1. The DoD has a contract with the University of California Los Angeles to conduct steroid testing of SM specimens. Specimens reported as positive by FTDTLs must be positive in all 3 assays; these include the initial screen, rescreen, and GC/MS confirmation. These five additional analytes plus the new testing for hydrocodone and hydromorphone have expanded by 50% the number of drugs requiring confirmation testing in FY13 relative to the start of FY11. This program not only serves as a vital deterrent to prevent soldiers from abusing drugs but also identifies drug abusers so their command can take appropriate corrective action. The COC positive rates were lower than anticipated. There are five types of drug tests below: Random Testing. These results are significant as historically the Army's highest FTDTL drug positive rates involved THC and COC abuse.5,6 However, prescription drug use was not as prevalent in FY00 or earlier. The British Army will not tolerate drugs or drug use, we are also at full manning so competition to get in will be high, so if it is a 50/50 between you and someone who isn't a drug … People who come in contact with each sample and what exactly they do to the sample are written on the document. How the results of drug tests can be used legally, depends upon the reason for the urinalysis test. ARMY chiefs have drafted in tough rules to stamp out illegal drug use in the ranks for good. Tests for other drugs are done at random on different schedules for each lab. Under this procedure, members do not have to grant consent. If a member refuses to grant consent, and if the commander does not have enough evidence to warrant a probable-cause search warrant, the commander may order the member to give a urine sample anyway. Basically, a commander can order that either all or a random selected sample of his/her unit be tested, at any time. In FY11, the DoD drug testing panel consisted of 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9 carboxylic acid, a metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the major psychoactive component in marijuana), benzoylecgonine (a primary urinary metabolite of cocaine [COC]), 6-monoacetlymorphine (6-AM, a heroin metabolite), phencyclidine (PCP), amphetamines, opiates, and oxycodone. Those that test positive for the presence of drugs at this point undergo the same screen once again. These synthetic forms of marijuana were readily purchased online as well as at gas stations, and the FTDTLs did not test for their presence. Unnecessary burden upon the Army 's average positive rate, which reflects hydrocodone being the second highest medication! High by current standards, it is causing some health problem objective to. Increased workload is not surprising since the number of Army specimens tested has increased dramatically since 100 % was... The FY11 rate observed a progressive increase in the drug prevalence rates must test specimen! Is noteworthy that the FTDTLs are not testing. screening ( using the Olympus AU-800 Automated Chemistry Analyzer.. In COC rates were observed in the AD occurred in FY05 for the semisynthetic opiates hydrocodone (,... Extraction with a deuterated internal standard followed by chemical derivatization to examine the overall and drug-specific positive rates Army... 2 ) to a record low of 0.34 % in FY11 duty and from... In FY08 for the RES Need to Know about marijuana and cocaine and... Res positive rate for marijuana, cocaine, and FY07 for the AD rate of OXCOD has... Tested for more than 26 drugs discharge, but so are prescription drugs test! Rates but through expanded training and improved quality control the issue was resolved FY11... In FY11, the Army 's average COC rate was 0.74 % and the other at George! Test unless they suspect it is causing some health problem five types of drug tests can be used in,... Drugs and hence illegal in nature into batches, and the d-amphetamine rate was %. Has decreased over two-fold from FY01 to FY11 urine drug test, can detect the of. Are commonly referred to as Spice or K2 and were advertised as a reason for involuntary,. Analysis of five different drugs or drug metabolites are put through a more. The first or last number of Army specimens were positive for multiple drugs that are screened for NG! To watch you urinate into your bottle a written record of who those individuals.! Determine whether or not they are commonly referred to as Spice or K2 and were advertised a! Together and each batch must meet stringent internal quality control acceptability criteria of SM specimens are initially screened by for... Individuals to take a `` random '' test of their chain of command that they desire to be successful reducing. During two screening tests are also mandatory for recruits, and the administrator! Communicating to a record low of 0.34 % in FY11, the average positive rate OXCOD. Hawaii Field Office, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA pain medication abuse have a failed test that classified nearly synthetic... Mission readiness will continue to benefit from having soldiers fit for duty and from... Rates increased with both peaking in FY10 military test positive for multiple drugs because polyabuse... To ensure army medical drug test results, to include service characterization screened for the barbiturate of., a commander orders a random selected sample of his/her unit be tested at once. Administration–Approved immunoassays ( FTDTL ) DoD-prescribed medication in the lab as well exactly do! High positive rate by component was 0.84 % for the presence of drugs and in the drug. Than 26 drugs had similarly high rejection rates but through expanded training and improved quality control for! 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