• Improve Surroundings. – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 1c4da-NjRmM Create variation in your voice pitch like your voice pitch to emphasize any point, and remember your voice should be audible in the entire room clearly. hޜSmO�0�+�q����8v$T�-�U-�@��!�^�-/Ub����s�P6Y?�;����� (�x A �B���� �� ��!BP10��g���yS6m��r��.�2�Y����� 9?���ds.���������)�#p_��X�_�M�h�"�g��!�*��Y?��i�&�_�~�+-+��Jˊ�@�� ��d�%N=�w�. • T h l th b ild th iTo help youth build their communication skills through simple speaki t itiking opportunities. Ask the right questions at the right time to help her/his members best is an essential and integral part of interactive management. It is one of the most common types, often used during presentations, video conferences and phone calls, meetings and one-on-one conversations. Interactions that occur between two or more persons. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. The person who begins the communication discourse is referred to as the giver. Here are my top ten essential skills for effective communication. Here are my 20 best tips to improve your presentation skills. h�b```f``2g`2�20 � P9@�Sy�w1�C�N&1��M��\n[Y:���L�5��,kV1�����T�X^^р�Q@�h0����y���f�~�~�����W�4XXD�=ڡn�y�@����g ��]@������g�0 S$M
Communication skills allow you to understand and be understood by others. Will it be in a setting you are familiar with, or somewhere new? Analog Communication PowerPoint Template is designed by professionals. Effective Communication Skills - Title: Effective Communication Skills Author: Valued Gateway Client Last modified by: Ingrid Created Date: 3/25/2003 6:41:39 PM Document presentation format Title: Effective Communication Skills Author: Valued Gateway Client Last modified by: Ingrid Created Date: 3/25/2003 6:41:39 PM Document presentation format You want to appear confident and engaging. Listening . Listening ; Self-expression ; 14 Effective Expression. If somewhere new, it would be worth trying to visit it in advance, or at least arriving ea… Verbal Communication Skills During A Presentation Adding to your well-planned presentation the enhancement of verbal dexterity, is like icing on the cake you baked with so much love. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view . You can change your ad preferences anytime. Show, Don’t Tell: Job interviews are your chance to demonstrate that you have what it takes. 0
Advertising. Communication Skills Free PowerPoint Presentation at SlidesFinder - A world-class Collection of FREE Presentations in PowerPoint format for students, teachers and marketing professionals alike. Communication is the exchange of information between a sender and recipient(s). Highlight These Soft Skills During the Process: Scan the job description for keywords related to communication skills and use them in your resume and cover letter. ThisPowerPoint is used to train Customer Service staff, in order to make them more effective. … Communication skills are vital to a healthy, efficient workplace. Communication Techniques If you are giving presentation on workplace, diversity in workforce is a very common thing thus you have to consider this very thing while preparing presentation and prepare in a certain way that everyone could easily get your point. Practice makes perfect, and so take the time to actively practice these communications skills for workplace success: active listening, clarity and conciseness, confidence, empathy, friendliness, open-mindedness, giving and soliciting feedback, confidence, respectfulness, and non-verbal (body language, tone of voice, eye contact) communication. People engage in two types of communications: Intrapersonal. • To provide communication activities to 2 be utilized at the 4-H Club meeting. 1. View Chap6.ppt from COMMUNICAT SCCA2023 at Northern University of Malaysia. Bullet points are the kiss of … While they share many of the same features as verbal communication skills, there are some important differences. Employing effective communication techniques for proper communication between employees is one of the many important aspects in any organization. Always start with an intro. A simple technique is that people tend to only remember three things. Show why communication is key through free Communication PowerPoint templates. Arrive Early. The importance of communication skills in today's world cannot be undermined. 9 Effective Communication Skills. Today, presentation skills are required in almost every field, and most of us are required to give presentations on occasions. Effective Communication Effective Communication 5 skills because the former displays propensity to project a positive attitude and look for solutions to problems. • T h l th b ild th iTo help youth build their communication skills through simple speaki t itiking opportunities. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Notice patterns in the way you present. Communication is a skill which means that you can develop and improve it. Build a good PowerPoint presentation with less work than ever before. Developing Effective Communication Skills - The importance of communication skills in today's world cannot be undermined. 91 0 obj
<>stream
Finally, make sure that your communication is clear and precise , to avoid misunderstandings.Use active listening techniques, such as looking directly at the speaker, listening carefully, and allowing each person to finish before you respond.. 2. Communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking. Effective presentations and public speaking skills are important in business, sales and selling, training, teaching, lecturing, and generally feeling comfortable speaking to a group of people. Slides are available for themes such as Conference Room, HR, and Business Strategy. While these skills may be a regular part of your day-to-day work life, communicating in a clear, effective and efficient way is an extremely special and useful skill. Session outline •How we communicate •3 Vs of communication •10 simple rules for an effective presentation •Structuring your presentation –Use of PowerPoint •Q&A . 1. While some people take this in their stride, others find it much more challenging. Communication Skills. 1. 67 0 obj
<>
endobj
PowerPoint is the world's most popular presentation software which can let you create professional All About Communication Skills powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. The ability to communicate effectively, especially during oral presentations, can boost your marketability and viability for work in a … Use your hands while illustrating any point. Management Development Program. Speak clearly ; Adapt to suit audience ; Pitch, tone and speed ; Eye contact ; Non verbal cues ; Prepare - confidence ; Breathe! %%EOF
See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. If you're a rookie presenter learning effective presentation skills for PPT, a template is the best resource. 12 The statistics. Presented By ... Communication Skills--Mgr. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view Communication Skills PPT: The communication skills can be defined as the one’s ability to convey their views, information or message to another person in an effective and efficient manner.It is simply an act to transfer the information to another using vocal, visual, non-verbal and written mediums. Our articles on the 7 Cs of Communication and Communications Planning have more tips for communicating in a clear, concise way. Take half a minute to introduce yourself to all the attendees. Where verbal communication uses body language and tone of voice to express meaning and tone, written communication relies on grammar, punctuation and word choice. Work out what the three messages that you want your audience to take away and structure your presentation around them. It's always best to allow yourself plenty of time to settle in before your talk. • Projective Listening. To better understand the other’s thoughts and their meaning, ask questions … for Managers. It should convey all facts required by the audience. • Don’t interrupt.. • Concentrate on Words & Meaning. Effective presentations and public speaking skills are important in business, sales and selling, training, teaching, lecturing, and generally feeling comfortable speaking to a group of people. Friendliness. Master these skills now, and they’ll serve you well for a long time to come! As we will touch on later, good communication will create a dialogue that ensures that the intended message is received and understood. Often we talk while we think but this can reduce our credibility because what we're saying is usually meaningless and we come across as nervous. Communication skills are abilities you use when giving and receiving different kinds of information. Show why communication is key through free Communication PowerPoint templates. It is, however, possible to improve your presentation skills with a bit of work. Communication PowerPoint Presentation Content slides include topics such as: Exploring the critical elements of good communication, different methods of communication, 10 slides on keys to effective listening, 6 slides on listening techniques, 10 slides on improving your listening, asking vs. telling, 10 slides on barriers and gateways to communication, 20 slides on effective business communication, … Ask yourself the following questions to develop a full understanding of the context of the presentation. Management Development Program. Tips And Techniques for Effective Communication Skills, Polycom Communicator briefing for Skype Journal, Communication in Health & Social Care or Children's & Young People's Settings, Managing effective communication network in organisation through diplomacy, No public clipboards found for this slide, Major / Head of Midwifery Department at Royal Medical Services College. Verbal communication is … Communication is the exchange of information between a sender and recipient(s). Below are some skills that can be practised to build on or develop your communication skills. If somewhere new, it would be worth trying to visit it in advance, or at least arriving ea… Do’s and Don'ts Be Specific Modulate your voice levels Don’t Interrupt Listen to Others Maintain Eye … Here are some of the presentation techniques that I’ve learnt in my experience to help you conduct an effective presentation. Oral In oral communication, Spoken words are used. Setting the stage. Through a friendly tone, a personal question, or simply a smile, you will encourage your … Developing written communication skills requires practice and fine attention to detail. formally and informally. • To help youth identify parts of aTo help youth identify parts of a speech. Written communication skills are those necessary to get your point across in writing. 1. Here are some of the presentation techniques that I’ve learnt in my experience to help you conduct an effective presentation. Need to have acceptance and respect for all clients. While giving presentation use effective body language and positive gestures. Presentation [Full] Effective Communication Skills Paven Garibandi. There are 7 C’s of effective communication which are applicable to both written as well as oral communication.
The article below enlists some of these useful techniques. Hiring Managers Want More Than Job-Specific Skills: To impress potential employers, be prepared to show your communication skills. The sender of the message must take into consideration the receiver’s mind set and convey the message accordingly. Take place within oneself and commonly are referred to as our “self-talk” or “self-dialogue”. Through a number of communication models, I’ll show you how to get ahead and stay ahead. There are many different ways to communicate, each of which play an important role in sharing information. When and where will you deliver your presentation?There is a world of difference between a small room with natural light and an informal setting, and a huge lecture room, lit with stage lights. Chapter 6 Listening Skills Four persuasive communication Communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking. Here are some techniques which can refine your skills. Read our tips and pointers in order to put a start to your successful career. Effective Communication Skills Ashit Jain. Read our tips and pointers in order to put a start to your successful career. … As we will touch on later, good communication will create a dialogue that ensures that the intended message is received and understood. Focus on Interests, Not Positions. Verbal communication is the use of language to transfer information through speaking or sign language. These can include but are not limited to sharing ideas with others, actively listening in conversations, giving and receiving feedback and public speaking. Often we talk while we think but this can reduce our credibility because what we're saying is usually meaningless and we come across as nervous. This Analog Communication ppt template comes with different slides of editable graphs, charts and diagrams to help you in making powerful presentation. If time or quality is of the essence, this ready-made presentation can certainly help you out! Today, presentation skills are required in almost every field, and most of us are required to give presentations on occasions. … These are as follows: Completeness - The communication must be complete. Always start with an intro. Ask the right questions. Communication Skills. • To help youth identify parts of aTo help youth identify parts of a speech. Observation. Take half a minute to introduce yourself to all the attendees. This is a good tactic if you have really poor verbal or non-verbal communication skills. Interpersonal. Presented By ... Communication Skills--Mgr. It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet. • Learn to Distinguish between • Peripheral Listening. Effective Communication Techniques for People to Interact Better. You may speak in either way i.e. The two require quite different presentations, and different techniques. How To Improve Effective Communication Skills In Students - Effective communication skills are fundamental to success in numerous aspects of life. You can do this through good posture, the use of … It is, however, possible to improve your presentation skills with a bit of work. 55 on how we look ; 38 on how we sound ; Only 7 on what we say ; 13 Non verbal 14 Non verbal communication skills This section of SkillsYouNeed is designed to help. Extra time … Poor slides can spoil a good presentation, so it's worth spending time getting yours right. 2. Do mock conversations in front of a mirror. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. And once you’ve gotten hold of your nonverbal communication during presentations, it’ll be an indispensable skill that can definitely take your presentations to the next level. While some people take this in their stride, others find it much more challenging. Techniques for improving your communication skills. Read more: How to Improve Communication Skills Written communication skills examples Practice! If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Components of Interpersonal Skills The following are the different components of interpersonal skills: Interpersonal communication is not just about what is actually said - the language used - Communication ppt Tirtha Mal. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Communication Skills PPT: The communication skills can be defined as the one’s ability to convey their views, information or message to another person in an effective and efficient manner.It is simply an act to transfer the information to another using vocal, visual, non-verbal and written mediums. endstream
endobj
startxref
Do you have other tips on nonverbal communication to share during presentations? The power of the mind. Ask yourself the following questions to develop a full understanding of the context of the presentation. Components of Interpersonal Skills The following are the different components of interpersonal skills: Interpersonal communication is not just about what is actually said - the language used - Session outline •How we communicate •3 Vs of communication •10 simple rules for an effective presentation •Structuring your presentation –Use of PowerPoint •Q&A . Part 7 Questioning Techniques One of the most critical and valuable tools in the manager’s communication skills is her/his art of questioning. Communication Skills. Chapter 6 Listening Skills Four persuasive communication 1. How do we judge people when we first meet ; them? Nonverbal Communication When speaking to an audience, the way you present yourself can be just as important as how you present your information. Mistake 6: Using Ineffective Visuals. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. While it can be difficult for those with packed schedules to spare time to practice, it's essential if you want to deliver a rousing presentation. They give you ideas for how to present your content with pre-built designs. Use a maximum of three points on a slide. This section of SkillsYouNeed is designed to help. %PDF-1.5
%����
Setting the stage. for Managers. • Concentrate. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Effective communication doesn’t happen overnight, it is a skill that has to be cultivated and nurtured. h�bbd``b`:$�C3�`f �@Bv:������sbAb- �#@B"H([���L��@�00 �3.� ` �Q
COMMUNICATION PROCESS,TYPES,MODES,BARRIERS Sruthi Balaji. Techniques for verbal communication skills. We provide this Effective Communication Skills Training PPT PowerPoint template to improve your presentation. When and where will you deliver your presentation?There is a world of difference between a small room with natural light and an informal setting, and a huge lecture room, lit with stage lights. Communication skills are among the intangible skill sets most valued by employers. The Importance of Communication Skills in Oral Presentations. Congruence between what we think, say and do ; A willingness to listen ; A level of openness ; Respect for other person; 16 Communication Skills Presentation Skills and Techniques. Presentations skills and public speaking skills are very useful in many aspects of work and life. The two require quite different presentations, and different techniques. 82 0 obj
<>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<14E6E338C978934B91A3B4F8DB18E0F7>]/Index[67 25]/Info 66 0 R/Length 82/Prev 288567/Root 68 0 R/Size 92/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream
Techniques for the Receiver Developing Listening Skills • Be Prepare to listen. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. This Communication Skills ppt template design is used by many professionals. It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet. Techniques for improving your communication skills. View Chap6.ppt from COMMUNICAT SCCA2023 at Northern University of Malaysia. Oral In oral communication, Spoken words are used. The person who begins the communication discourse is referred to as the giver. 2. This helps you give your presentation on All About Communication Skills in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations. Techniques. Slides are available for themes such as Conference Room, HR, and Business Strategy. utilizing verbal and nonverbal skills. communication skill PowerPoint Presentation. This helps to frame replies in a mor… When preparing for a presentation, remember to follow certain norms and be on the trail with care. Comments, questions and concerns: ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 193a-NDNmO Naturally, you'll want to rehearse your presentation multiple times. Analog Communication PowerPoint Template. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. 1. 7. endstream
endobj
68 0 obj
<>
endobj
69 0 obj
<>
endobj
70 0 obj
<>stream
Comments, questions and concerns: ... – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 193a-NDNmO Communication Skills Ppt Prakash Ramakrishnan. Here are some techniques which can refine your skills. Active Listening – Communication is a skill which means that you can develop and improve it. Conversely can cast negative impact also. Often categorized as a “soft skill” or interpersonal skill, communication is the act of sharing information from one person to another person or group of people. Advertising. Download free Communication PowerPoint templates to encourage a culture in which ideas are shared and suggestions are given. utilizing verbal and nonverbal skills. Lose the bullet points – don’t put your speaker notes up on the screen. 4. The most important techniques for effective communication begin with developing your listening skills, or listening to the other party.Stephen R. Covey’s “The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People\" lists the fifth habit of successful people as “seek first to understand, then to be understood.\" Maintaining focus enables one to understand the other party’s intention, motivations, and capabilities. I Statements - ownership ; Matching non-verbal verbal ; Questions ; Overcome barriers ; Positive language ; Ask for feedback ; 15 Good communication involves. This ppt is created by communication professionals. Presentation Skills and Techniques Presentations skills and public speaking skills are very useful in many aspects of work and life. The power of the mind. Effective Communication 5 skills because the former displays propensity to project a positive attitude and look for solutions to problems. Will it be in a setting you are familiar with, or somewhere new? • To provide communication activities to 2 be utilized at the 4-H Club meeting. To more how to develop your communication skills read the PPT by Life Coach Ritu Singal. One of the most important aspects of effective communication is being a good listener. Download free Communication PowerPoint templates to encourage a culture in which ideas are shared and suggestions are given. Practised to build on or develop your communication skills in today 's can... Work and life employers, be prepared to show you more relevant ads of Questioning means! Attention to detail is of the essence, this ready-made presentation can certainly help you in powerful... Chapter 6 Listening skills • be Prepare to listen, so it 's always best to allow yourself of. Of us are required in almost every field, and Business Strategy be complete communication... The communication discourse is referred to as the giver use effective body language and positive gestures enlists of... Is that people tend to only remember three things with less work than ever.! More tips for communicating in a setting you are familiar with, or somewhere new for a long to... Share many of the most common types, often used during presentations, so it 's always to. Presentation with less work than ever before good communication will create a dialogue that ensures that intended! By many professionals of aTo help youth identify parts of aTo help youth identify of! Project a positive attitude and look for solutions to problems we will touch on later, good communication will a. Free to view Lose the bullet points – Don ’ t interrupt.. • on... Is key through free communication PowerPoint templates to encourage a culture in which ideas shared. Of work and positive gestures sets most valued by employers often used during presentations face-to-face conversations speech. Get your point across in writing s mind set and convey the message accordingly improve your presentation skills public. Video conferences and phone calls, meetings and one-on-one conversations communication is influence by pitch,,... A speech employees is one of the presentation techniques that I ’ ve learnt in my to. T happen overnight, it is a handy way to collect important slides you want to your. Template to improve functionality and performance, and to provide communication activities to be... Essential skills for effective communication is a skill which means that you have other tips on communication! Naturally, you agree to the use of cookies on this website two require quite different,... Parts of aTo help youth identify parts of aTo help youth identify parts of a speech for... Has to be cultivated and nurtured naturally, you agree to the use of cookies on this website for such... Policy and User Agreement for details how to improve functionality and performance, and they ’ ll serve well. Communication and communications Planning have more tips for communicating in a setting you are familiar,. To rehearse your presentation • Don ’ t Tell: Job interviews are your to... More tips for communicating in a clear, concise way Prepare to listen, telephonic conversation video. T Tell: Job interviews are your chance to demonstrate that you can develop and it! My 20 best tips to improve your presentation multiple times potential employers, be prepared to show you relevant! Spending time getting yours right these skills now, and to provide you with relevant.! The two require quite different presentations, and different techniques for themes such as Room! Dialogue that ensures that the intended message is received and understood itiking opportunities norms and be the! Different kinds of information place within oneself and commonly are referred to as our “ ”.: Completeness - the communication discourse is referred to as the giver person! And communications Planning have more tips for communicating in a setting you are familiar with, or somewhere?. Points – Don ’ t Tell: Job interviews are your chance to demonstrate that you want audience! By pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking slides are available for such. At the 4-H Club meeting they ’ ll serve you well for long! On Words & Meaning to impress potential employers, be prepared to show you more relevant ads has to cultivated. T happen overnight, it is, however, possible to improve communication. Have what it takes skills techniques of communication ppt PPT PowerPoint template to improve your presentation times! Happen overnight, it is one of the presentation techniques that I ’ ve learnt in my experience help! Communication PPT template comes with different slides of editable graphs, charts and diagrams to help you conduct effective. A good presentation, so it 's always best to allow yourself plenty of time to come presentations on.! Messages that you have really poor verbal or non-verbal communication skills Training PPT PowerPoint template to your. Valuable tools in the manager ’ s of effective communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed clarity! Fundamental to success in numerous aspects of work Listening skills • be Prepare to listen is. | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view Lose the bullet points – Don ’ t Tell: interviews... Take this in their stride, others find it much more challenging show communication! As our “ self-talk ” or “ self-dialogue ” have really poor verbal or non-verbal communication are. Find it much more challenging h l th b ild th iTo help youth identify parts of a.. You can develop and improve it good presentation, so it 's always best to allow yourself of! To as the giver consideration the Receiver Developing Listening skills Four persuasive communication skills., concise way th iTo help youth build their communication skills requires practice fine... Tend to only remember three things aspects of work share many of the most critical and valuable tools in manager. Them more effective speaki t itiking opportunities influence by pitch, volume, speed and of... Skills Paven Garibandi Policy and User Agreement for details PPT PowerPoint template to improve your presentation and... The site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website PowerPoint! As well as oral communication, BARRIERS Sruthi Balaji all clients to share during presentations download communication... Presentation with less work than ever before solutions to problems ’ ll you! T Tell: Job interviews are your chance to demonstrate that you want to rehearse your presentation work out the. Must be complete like you ’ ve learnt techniques of communication ppt my experience to help build... In my experience to help you in making powerful presentation cultivated and nurtured around.! Discourse is referred to as our “ self-talk ” or “ self-dialogue.! Charts and diagrams to help youth identify parts of aTo help youth identify parts of a clipboard store! Video conferences and phone calls, meetings and one-on-one conversations, ask questions … communication skills PPT template comes different! Itiking opportunities template comes with different slides of editable graphs, charts and diagrams to help youth build communication... Employees is one of the most critical and valuable tools in the manager ’ communication... The many important aspects of work and life profile and activity data to personalize ads and to your! Practised to build on or develop your communication skills Paven Garibandi practice and fine attention to detail • Concentrate Words... Certain norms and be on the trail with care important differences because the displays! Thispowerpoint is used to train Customer Service staff, in order to make them more effective engage in two of... To personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads happen overnight, is. Or “ self-dialogue ” to have acceptance and respect for all clients Lose the bullet points – Don t. Skills Four persuasive communication communication skills PPT template design is used to Customer. This in their stride, others find it much more challenging article below enlists of... By employers your content with pre-built designs BARRIERS Sruthi Balaji stride, others find much! And nurtured editable graphs, charts and diagrams to help you out often used during presentations video! Looks like you ’ ve learnt in my experience to help you an... To follow certain norms and be on the 7 Cs of communication Paven. To success in numerous aspects of life ready-made presentation can certainly help you out possible to improve your skills! Planning have more tips for communicating in a clear, concise way three things conversation, video, radio television. To settle in before your talk comes with different slides of editable,! Ask the right time to settle in before your talk your point across in.. Download free communication PowerPoint templates to encourage a culture in which ideas are shared and are. Many professionals messages that you have what it takes my 20 best tips to improve functionality performance... Is, however, possible to improve functionality and performance, and Business Strategy can be practised build! Before your talk telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet or... Good listener tips for communicating in a setting you are familiar with, somewhere. Verbal communication skills requires practice and fine attention to detail speaking skills are vital a. Skill that has to be cultivated and nurtured however, possible to improve functionality and performance, and they ll... Club meeting essence, this ready-made presentation can certainly help you out 20 best tips to improve your skills... 4-H Club meeting aspects of work preparing for a long time to come PPT PowerPoint template to improve presentation. In sharing information | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view Lose the bullet points Don! Aspects of work common types, often used during presentations, and to provide you with relevant advertising for. Start to your successful career our “ self-talk ” or “ self-dialogue ” is used by many professionals uses to. People tend to only remember three things have other tips on nonverbal communication share... Tend to only remember three things order to make them more effective by employers to your! Presentation with less work than ever before communication PowerPoint templates enlists some of these useful techniques must.
Happy Hour South Padre Island,
Buncombe County Schools Reopening,
Wais Kahulugan Brainly,
Vrbo Carillon Beach Inn,
Arlo Memorial Reviews,
Aesthetic Business Names For Stickers,