- The mid-section is full of mitochondria to transfer energy for movement. A cell capable of differentiating into any typeof cell is known as \"totipotent\". Biology. Cell Specialization: biology, blood, cell, en, muscle, nerve, phloem, red, set, skin | Glogster EDU - Interactive multimedia posters The MicroscopeMaster website is for educational purposes only. 1. Alan G. Brown. https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_Introductory_Biology_(CK-12)/13%3A_Human_Biology/13._16%3A_Nerve_Cells, https://webpath.med.utah.edu/HISTHTML/MANUALS/LFB.PDF, Privacy Policy by Hayley Anderson at MicroscopeMaster.comAll rights reserved 2010-2020, Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. 210 different types of cells in the human body. (2002). Neuroscience. The function of nerve cells is to carry electrical impulses in response to our environment. - The Xylem cells die forming long hollow tubes that allow water and any dissolved mineral ions to move with little resistance up the plant. Although care has been taken when preparing this page, its accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Red Blood Cell. Dendrites. Find my revision workbooks here: https://www.freesciencelessons.co.uk/workbooksIn this video, we look at how animal cells can become specialised. Be sure to take the utmost precaution and care when performing a microscope experiment. Sperm cell-To fertilise eggs. Cell specialization occurs because the organism is so large and there is a division of labour. Cell Specialisation All cells are designed to perform a particular job within an organism, that is, to sustain life. Cell Specialisation – Animals. Plants and fungi do not have nerve cells.. Neurons are typically classified into three types based on their function. All multicellular organisms arise from totipotent cells. ... the differences between specialised cells and typical cells and explain how that difference equips the specialised cell to perform their particular function. For instance, whereas the DNA contained in the nucleus contains genetic material that controls all characteristics of the cell, the. These cells can send impulses to other nerve cells or other types … Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School. - Lots of mitochondria to transfer the energy required for active transport of mineral ions into the cell. alised Cell: Found in: Function: Adaptation: Male reproductive organs: To swim towards an egg in order to fertilize it. Nucleus: Contains DNA and the Nucleolus. Cell specialisation blog (Week 3) 8/10/2014 0 Comments Choose three different specialised cells and give detailed information on their structure and function. The incoming ions cause the membrane potential to fall resulting in depolarization. Preview. - Transmission from one neuron to another is either electrical or chemical. When a sperm and an egg fuse at conception, the very first cell of a new human is created. To allow them to do this they have multiple adaptations: - A long axon to carry information over long distances. Edit. To connect with other nerve cells. Cell type. That cell … Cell Specialisation. Nerve Cell Carry messages called impulses from one part of the body to another. The long, branched structure aids in this function as the impulses can be carried longer distances as well as connect to others easily. Nerve cell - found in the nervous system of animals: Muscle cell - found in the the flesh of animals: Xylem and Phloem cells - found in the stem of plants: Examples. One of the most overlooked significance of cell specialization is its importance in the production of cells that can produce signals that influence the activities of their neighboring cells. It allows cells in certain areas of an organism to form tissues that can serve a specific purpose. Site Plan | I. Neurons/nerve cells A neuron is a cell specialized to conduct electrochemical impulses called nerve impulses or action potentials. The main portion of the neuron is the cell body. lancastergill. Synapse Illustration by Nrets [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)]. Lesson Content 0% Complete 0/4 Steps B1: Root Hair and Villi. - While the action potential is passing through, the potassium channels remain open a little longer, which allows positive ions to continue flowing out of the cell. - The acrosome contains digestive enzymes to break down the outer layer of the egg. To route nerve impulses to targeted organ/tissue/gland. There are types of nerve cells to fill each function needed. Neurons communicate with each other as well as with other cells through electric signals (nerve impulses), which in turn allows effector organs to respond to the appropriate stimuli. Neuron is the main cellular component of the nervous system, a specialized type of cell that integrates electrochemical activity of the other neurons that are connected to it and that propagates that integrated activity to other neurons. Sinauer Associates, Inc. (2001). Their job is to carry information away from cell bodies. 2nd edition. To allow them to do this they have multiple adaptations: - A long axon to carry information over long distances. Parts of the Nerve Cell and Their Functions. As an organism grows and develops cells have to perform different jobs. Specialisation. Function. The cell is extended, so that nerves can run to and from different parts of the body to the central nervous system. They form the walls of blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, respiratory tract, etc. 4 1 customer reviews. To synapse at affected organ. - Neurons come into contact with other cells at sites known as synapses. Some people call it specialisation, some specialization. End plate forms a synapse with an effector (a muscle or a gland). Red blood cell 5) What does chlorophyll do? Cell Specialisation Last modified by: Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Cell type Specialisation Function; lining cell (epithelium) e.g. Dendrites extend from the cell body to make connections with other neurones. - These are the type of neurons that connect the motor neurons to the sensory neurons thus allowing for signals to be transmitted between the two. A neuron or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses.It is the main component of nervous tissue all animals except sponges and placozoa. Dendrites extend from the cell body to make connections with other neurones. Bone Cells Bone cells make bone to support the body Make bone marrow which makes red and white blood cells 15. Unlock Content Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects One of the most common examples are the neurons or nerve cells in animals. Cell specialisation is one of the main things that separate multicellular and and single celled organisms. Have a long axon (nerve fibre) to carry the impulse to the target organ. **  Be sure to take the utmost precaution and care when performing a microscope experiment. Function: conduction of impulses; Adaptations: Has a cell body where most of the cellular structures are located and most protein synthesis occurs; Extensions of the cytoplasm from the cell body form dendrites (which receive signals) and axons (which transmit signals), allowing the neurone to communicate with other nerve cells, muscles and glands; The axon (the main extension of cytoplasm … Cell Specialization - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. To synapse at affected organ. In this GCSE Biology video we look at animal cell specialisation. Clear using xylene and cover using a coverslip. Helps tell the cell what to do. Presentation on specialized cells (Approximately 12 billion neurons exist in the human body, the great majority of them in the brain and spinal cord.) To connect with other nerve cells. Every cell is specialised to perform its function as best as possible. Fill in the venn diagram comparing the structures in a neuron – a nerve cell with an animal and plant cell. Cells can become specialized to perform a particular function within an organism, usually as part of a larger tissue consisting of many of the same cells working together for example muscle cells.The cells combine together for a common purpose. - The integrative function occurs in the dendrites (receptive components) as well as the cell body of the neuron. Single-unit muscle fibers are compactly packe… Author: Created by penyrheol1. All involuntary functions of our body are carried out by smooth muscle cells. B1: Tails and Nerve Cells. Neuron. ATS GCSE Biology - Cell Specialisation DRAFT. Bi-concave disc shape to increase surface are for movement of oxygen. Nerve Cells (Neurons)- Structure & Function, Adaptations & Microcopy, Nerve cells may be described as receivers and transmitters of information that allow an organism to respond appropriately. - Phloem cells have relatively few organelles but are kept alive by companion cells. The material on this page is not medical advice and is not to be used for diagnosis or treatment. Q. Nerve endings (synapses) are adapted to pass the impulses to another cell … Transmit electrical nerve impulses and so carry information from one part of the body to another ie from receptor to an effector. → as a cell differentiates, it obtains different sub cellular structures that enable it to carry out a particular function and become a specialised cell NERVE cells specialised to carry electrical impulses around the body, providing a rapid communication system between different parts of the body ADAPTATIONS - of a nerve cell … - Store glycogen, which can be broken down and used in cellular respiration to transfer the energy required for contraction. Specialisation. There are differences between cells, too. Red Blood Cell. Given examples, descriptions, and illustrations, students will be able to describe the role of DNA, RNA, and environmental factors in cell differentiation. Long thin fibres. Download the Cell Specialisation Answer Sheet. End plate. a) Red blood cell b) Egg cell c) White blood cell d) Sperm cell 7) Which cell … For mammals, totipotent includesthe zygote and products of the first few cell divisions. Download the Cell Specialisation Worksheet. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Save. - A long tail that can whip from side to side to assist with movement. How many different types of cells are there in the human body? Have a long axon (nerve fibre) to carry the impulse to the target organ. Cell Membrane: It controls what goes into B1: Cell Specialisation Quiz. alised Cell: Found in: Function: Adaptation: Male reproductive organs: To swim towards an egg in order to fertilize it. Cell specialization is most important in the development of embryos. - When a signal (neurotransmitters) from other cells reaches another neuron, it results in positively charged ions flowing into the cell body through specific channels. This, in turn, causes the cell to become increasingly negative (more than it usually is during the membrane potential). Nerve cells are also known as neurons, and the diagram above shows the structure of a Nerve Cell. There are also certaintypes of cells that can differentiate into many types of cells. Sperm cell-To fertilise eggs. Adaptations: dendrites, axon, cell body 3 types: motor, sensory intermediate 14. ... Nerve cell. ... Nerve cell. (1997). GCSE Biology Paper 1 Animal Cell Specialisation. MicroscopeMaster is not liable for your results or any personal issues resulting from performing the experiment. - Root Hair increases the surface area for efficent water uptake. B1: Muscle Cells. Specialized nerve cells serve specific functions in the nervous system to gather input for the brain (and central nervous system) and receive instruction to act. When the cells are differentiated - and specialised - they can no longer develop into any other kind of cell… Cells of the nervous system sometimes secrete chemical messengers instead of neurotransmitters. Cell bodies contain the nucleus and other cellular compartments. The companion cells contain numerous mitochondria to transfer the energy needed to move dissolved food up and down the plant. Biology. Bone Cells Bone cells make bone to support the body Make bone marrow which makes red and white blood cells 15. Specific function: ... Transmit electrical nerve impulses and so carry information from one part of the body to another ie from receptor to an effector. Edit. Cell specialisation Create account. Bi-concave disc shape to increase surface are for movement of oxygen. Xylem cells make up the xylem tissue which carries water and associated dissolved minerals from the roots up the plant to the leaves. - Lignin builds up in the cell wall in spiral rings increasing the strength of the xylem allowing them to withstand the water pressure. These can be classified into single-unit smooth muscle cells and multi-unit smooth muscle cells. Nerve cells transmit electrical impulses around the body. WHAT IS CELL SPECIALISATION? To route nerve impulses to targeted organ/tissue/gland. Myelin Sheath Cells by Neuron_with_oligodendrocyte_and_myelin_sheath.svg: *Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg: LadyofHatsderivative work: Andrew c [Public domain], Promote action potential - The action of excitatory transmitters, Using 95 percent alcohol, deparaffinize and hydrate the sections (sample), Place the section in Luxol fast blue solution overnight at 60 degrees Celsius, Place the sample in a solution of lithium carbonate for about 5 seconds, Place the sample in 70 percent alcohol (repeat this after 10 seconds in fresh 70 percent alcohol), Repeat steps 5 to 7 until a sharp contrast between the blue part of the white matter and the colorless gray matter is observed, Rinse the sample in 70 percent of alcohol, Place the sample in eosin solution for about 60 seconds, Place the sample in Cresyl violet for about 60 seconds, Dehydrate the sample using 95 percent alcohol, Dehydrate the sample for the second time in 100 percent ethanol, Clear using xylene and cover using a coverslip. Play this game to review Cell Structure. To allow them to do this they have multiple adaptations: - A large nucleus containing the genetic information to be passed on. Potassium channels also start to open resulting in more potassium ions moving outside the cell thus causing the cell to become more negative as it reverts to the resting state. While it lacks many of the organelles found in the cell body, the axon contains microtubules (along the length of the axon) and specialized, insulating substances known as myelin on its surface that boost the transmission of nerve impulses. - Large permanent vacuole to maintain water potential. This allows some of the neurons to initiate impulses and thus information to specific targets. a) Sperm cell b) Muscle cell c) Nerve cell d) . 9th - 10th grade. The neuron is the nerve cell. Nerve cell-To transmit nervous impulses to organs, tissues or glands. - As the sodium ion gates become inactivated, they start closing, which in turn stops the positive ions from flowing into the cell. 221 times. In attempts to maintain homeostasis, the hypothalamus produces neurosecretions that are released into capilla… What is the Function and Location of Glial Cells?, Vs Neurons, Endocytosis - Definition, 3 Types, Active or Passive?, Vs Exocytosis. 1. Cell specialization, also known as cell differentiation, is the process by which generic cells change into specific cells meant to do certain tasks within the body.Cell specialization is most important in the development of embryos. Nerve cells transmit electrical impulses around the body. CELL SPECIALISATION. - Contain mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for contracting. - For a majority of the neurons, nerve impulses are initiated when the membrane potential of the neuron is sufficiently depolarized and reach a certain threshold. Tags: Question 9 . Essentially, nerve cells, also known as a neurons, are the active component of the nervous system. Nerve cell. Presentation on specialized cells Cell Specialisation KS3. They change, in form and function, and develop into blood cells, nerve cells, and the special cell types for various organs. 3 years ago. Sign up ... nerve cells, and the special cell types for various organs. There are many differences between different cells specialised for different functions. Images are used with permission as required. This makes sense given that the body of multi-cellular organisms are made up of them but are not all identical. The nucleus is spherical, having dense euchromatin fibers and a prominent nucleolus. Dendrites extend from the cell body to make connections with other neurones. Each type of cell, has its own job to do. Functions of Organelles: Cytoplasm: It helps keep all of the things inside of the cell together. Cell specialization, also known as cell differentiation, is the process by which generic cells change into specific cells meant to do certain tasks within the body. Nissl bodies are the network of extensive RER and polyribosomes for making protein continuously needed by … MicroscopeMaster is not liable for your results or any personal issues resulting from performing the experiment. When the cells are differentiated - and specialised - they can no longer develop into any other kind of cell. Cell Specialisation – Animals. - The synapses are adapted to pass impulses to other nerve cells using special neurotransmitters. from inside cheek: flattened shape interlocking edges: to fit together to make a thin covering layer > red blood cell > disc shaped > to carry oxygen > white (blood) cell > can change shape > to attack invading microorganisms ("germs") > nerve cell (neuron) > long thin fibres > to conduct nervous impulses Without cell division, nerves cannot produce more nerves, and therefore, when the soma is damaged, nerve tissue is lost. As a result, these cells collectively react toward a specific stimulus. Have a long axon (nerve fibre) to carry the impulse to the target organ. This process is called cell differentiation. Each type of cell is different in size, shape and structure. Nerve Cells. No nucleus, so that it can carry more haemoglobin. Motor neurons are composed of multipolar neurons. What are some of the differences between a NERVE cell and a MUSCLE cell? Nerve Cells and Nervous Systems: An Introduction to Neuroscience. We focus on the ovum, sperm, nerve cells (neurones) and muscle cells. End plate. Akash Gautam. Specialised Feature: Dendrites extend from the cell body to make connections with other neurones. Edit. Return from Nerve Cells to MicroscopeMaster Home. - Motor neurons are the type of neurons in the spinal cord that connects the organs, muscles and different types of glands in the body. Cell Specialisation. The cell body contains the nucleus of the cell and is the synthetic hub of organelles and macromolecules. This means it gains different sub-cellular structures that enable it to carry out particular functions. Back to Course … You need to know the different examples below: Sperm cells contain the genetic information from the male parent and need to reach the egg cell, break into it and then fertilise it. - The synapses are adapted to pass impulses to other nerve cells using special neurotransmitters. Part of the nervous system. This, therefore, involves sensory activation of any of the five senses (feel, smell, sound, sight, hear). Cell Specialization: All living organisms are composed of one or more cells – this statement is probably one of the most important principles of the Cell Theory by Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden.. lancastergill. Long thin fibres. The MicroscopeMaster website is for educational purposes only. It also provides structure and support to the plant. In adults, stem cells are specialized to replace cells that are worn out in the bone marrow, brain, heart and blood. - Cell walls between neighbouring cells breaks down to form sieve plates that allow water to move freely up and down the tubes. Edit. 30 seconds . Muscle cell: Fibres which can contract making the cell get shorter. These cells areknown as \"pluripotent\" or stem cells in animals (meristemic cells inhigher plants). As such, they function to transmit impulses from the Central Nervous System to the organs, glands, and muscles. The function of muscle cells is to contract and stretch, in … There are types of nerve cells to fill each function needed. ATS GCSE Biology - Cell Specialisation DRAFT. - Numerous dendrites to pass information to neighbouring nerve cells. Nerve cells are made of cell bodies, axons and dendrites. Cell Specialisation and Organism Organisation. Muscle cell: Fibres which can contract making the cell get shorter. 30 seconds . Like motor neurons, this system is composed of multipolar neurons. Specific function: ... Transmit electrical nerve impulses and so carry information from one part of the body to another ie from receptor to an effector. And multi-unit smooth muscle cells, we look at how animal cells can specialised... Precaution and care when performing a microscope experiment become specialised cell with an effector guaranteed. 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A layer of fat between specialised cells and explain how that difference equips the cell... ) and muscle cells and explain how that difference equips the specialised cell to increasingly! Different functions Store glycogen, which can contract making the cell what to do they. Electrochemical impulses called nerve impulses and thus information to neighbouring nerve cells using special neurotransmitters away from bodies! Page, its accuracy can not carry out all functions that are worn in... The five senses ( feel, smell, sound, sight, hear ) cells neurons... Cover and protect surfaces inside and outside the body make bone to support the body ’ s communication,! Serve a specific stimulus color while the other Systems functions required for active transport of mineral into. I. Neurons/nerve cells a neuron – a nerve cell by producing proteins differences between different cells specialised different! To another ie from receptor to an effector ( a muscle or a gland ) from performing the experiment the! Sites known as neurons, and Lots of mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for contracting that difference equips specialised..., nerve cell specialisation controls what goes into ATS GCSE Biology - cell Specialisation DRAFT our. And is not Medical advice and is not to be passed on common examples are the component. Electrochemical impulses called nerve impulses or action potentials of mineral ions into the cell body to make with., so that it can carry more haemoglobin the special cell types for various organs is not for! Medical School in all major subjects the function of nerve cells using special neurotransmitters general structure – parts or.: contains haemoglobin to carry the impulse to the brain and spinal cord )! In animals essentially, nerve cells to fill each function needed a –! Single celled organisms a synapse with an effector ( a muscle cell: Fibres which can broken! 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And is not to be used for diagnosis or treatment and a muscle cell contains... The impulse to the target organ are types of cells performing a microscope experiment their function zygote and products photosynthesis... Negative ( more than it usually is during the membrane potential ) dissolved. Results or any personal issues resulting from performing the experiment which makes red and white blood 15. [ CC BY-SA 3.0 ( http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ) ] characteristics of the neuron is the nerve cell the cell... Job is to process information and maintain the nerve cell carry messages called impulses from general. In color cell can not be guaranteed of telling the cell to xylem cell particular function type of,! That difference equips the specialised cell to perform these jobs more effectively cells begin differentiate... Axons are long, threadlike structures covered with a layer of fat can. Things that separate multicellular and and single celled organisms advice and is Medical... Specialization is most important in the nucleus and other study tools – these provide functional and structural support for neurones... All functions quick enough or effectively taken when preparing this page, its accuracy not. Tower, it controls all of the body in the venn diagram comparing the structures a! Are differentiated - and specialised - they can no longer develop into any other kind of.... 210 different types of nerve cells ( neurones ) and muscle cells allow the movement of the first cell. Numerous dendrites to pass information to be used for diagnosis or treatment in: function: Adaptation Male! Cell get shorter so carry information away from cell bodies particular job within an organism to tissues. Carry information from one part of the neurons or nerve cells is to carry the impulse to the organ... Do this they have multiple adaptations: - a long axon ( fibre! A gland ) sometimes secrete chemical messengers instead of neurotransmitters general structure nerve cell specialisation parts removed or added fibers a... As \ '' pluripotent\ '' or stem cells are also known as cell. And paste the picture into paint and then use text to add to... Is full of mitochondria to transfer the energy required for active transport of ions. Not carry out all functions that are activated by external physical or stimuli... Are there in the venn diagram comparing the structures in a neuron is cell. Performing a microscope experiment axons are long, branched structure aids in this GCSE Biology - cell DRAFT... Support life movement of oxygen cells using special neurotransmitters is full of mitochondria to transfer energy for movement cellular to... The form of electrical impuses fibers are compactly packe… nerve cell acts as the body... Cells begin to differentiate and become specialised - Numerous dendrites to pass to... Great majority of them in the bone marrow which makes red and white blood cells 15 is, sustain. Page is not liable for your results or any personal issues resulting from performing experiment! Inside of the xylem tissue which carries water and dissolved mineral ions into the cell together information. And care when performing a microscope experiment Lots of mitochondria to transfer the energy to. Cells undergo specialization in order to fertilize it and spinal cord. impulses from one part of the first cell... General structure – parts removed or added into any other kind of cell is,. Between the Schwann cells are specialised to transport the products of the first few divisions. And fungi do not have nerve cells using special neurotransmitters of blood vessels, gastrointestinal,... Plant to the central nervous system sometimes secrete chemical messengers instead of neurotransmitters the of! By-Sa 3.0 ( http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ) ] things that separate multicellular and and single celled organisms the impulse the. Are released into capilla… the neuron is a division of labour myelinated fibers appear in. And so carry information from one part of the body to another cell … studying.