Thus, the word is expressive of dignity and honor; and the servants of a king denote officers of a high rank and station. Of old, they who were in great offices were called the servants of God: see Jos 1:1 Neh 1:6 Psa 132:10. an apostle was one that was immediately sent by Christ, and had 13:9). Only some had begun to meet in the house of Aquila and Priscilla. It is used of the final separation of the righteous from the wicked (Matthew 13:49; Matthew 25:32); of the separation of the disciples from the world (Luke 6:22); and of the setting apart of apostles to special functions (Acts 13:2). A word list at the end explains words with a *star by them. Called to be an apostle; appointed to that high office by the immediate call of Christ himself: see Gal 1:1 Tit 1:3. As he sat, he heard children playing a game and they called out to each other these words: “Take up and read! ), signifies called to the office of an apostle. Click chart to enlarge Chart from recommended resource Jensen's Survey of the NT - used by permission Romans Overview Chart - Charles Swindoll Source: Dr David Cooper Click to Enlarge. A transcript for the Latin paulus or paullus, meaning little. Set apart to this, as the special, great work of my life; as having no other object for which I should live. Up to the date of it the apostle had never been at Rome (Ro 1:11, 13, 15). called to be an apostle—when first he "saw the Lord"; the indispensable qualification for apostleship. That a large number of Jews and Jewish proselytes resided at this time at Rome is known to all who are familiar with the classical and Jewish writers of that and the immediately subsequent periods; and that those of them who were at Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost (Ac 2:10), and formed probably part of the three thousand converts of that day, would on their return to Rome carry the glad tidings with them, there can be no doubt. Now this contribution we know that he carried with him from Corinth, at the close of his third visit to that city, which lasted three months (Ac 20:2, 3; 24:17). called Saul. In the summer of 386, a young man wept in the backyard of a friend. We often talk of hope as wishful thinking: “I hope it won’t rain”; “I hope I win the lottery”; “I hope my team wins the Super Bowl” but Paul’s concept of hope in Romans is different. (So Ro 15:16; 1Th 2:2, 8, 9; 1Pe 4:17).Rom 1:1-7 Paul, commending to the Romans his calling, greets them,Rom 1:8-15 and professes his concern for, and desire of coming tosee them.Rom 1:16,17 He shows that the gospel is for the justification ofall mankind through faith.Rom 1:18-32 And having premised that sinners in general areobnoxious to God's wrath, he describes at large thecorruption of the Gentile world. By Zane Hodges I. Separated; either from his mother's womb, in the purpose of God, Gal 1:15; so Jeremiah of old, Jer 1:5. The gospel is sometimes called the gospel of God, as in this place; and sometimes the gospel of Christ, as in Rom 1:16: it is said to be the gospel of God, because he is the author of it, it is not a human invention; and it is said to be the gospel of Christ, because he is the matter and subject of it. "A servant of Jesus Christ"; not a servant of sin, BIBLICAL COMMENTARY (Bible Study) Romans 1:1-14 EXEGESIS: ROMANS 1:1-14. In the same way Jeremiah was designated to be a prophet; Jeremiah 1:5. The name of the author of this epistle is Paul, who formerly was It spoke of the Son of God, even Jesus the Saviour, the promised Messiah, who came from David as to his human nature, but was also declared to be the Son of God, by the Divine power which raised him from the dead. rather it should seem that he had two names, which was usual with And it was the customary name which they assumed; Galatians 1:10; Colossians 4:12; 2 Peter 1:1; Jde 1:1; Acts 4:29; Titus 1:1; James 1:1. It was common for letters to begin with the name of the person writing the letter and the name of the person for whom it was intended. According to some, both names were borne by him in his childhood, Paulus being the one by which he was known among the Gentiles, and which was subsequently assumed by him to the exclusion of the other, in order to indicate his position as the friend and teacher of the Gentiles. Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God, Paul has many titles, and he delights to mention them in writing to these Christians at Rome. Introduction: Paul Connects with the Roman Christians (1:1-15) A. Doctrinal Salutation (1:1-7) 1:1. Lit., bond-servant or slave. Both, so to speak, need a fuller introduction than if he had been writing to a Church he had himself founded. Unto the gospel of God.—Singled out and set apart to convey the message of salvation from God to man. Neither "to be" is in the Greek text. It has the unbroken testimony of all antiquity, up to Clement of Rome, the apostle's "fellow laborer in the Gospel, whose name was in the Book of Life" (Php 4:3), and who quotes from it in his undoubted Epistle to the Corinthians, written before the close of the first century. (b) Whereas he said before in a general term that he was a minister, now he comes to a more special name, and says that he is an apostle, and that he did not take this office upon himself by his own doing, but that he was called by God, and therefore in this letter of his to the Romans he is doing nothing but his duty. That he did not take this honour to himself, but was thereunto appointed and called of God. used is either in allusion to the priests and Levites, who were Galatians 1:15 ) ; or Of these four, the third, Gaius, was an inhabitant of Corinth (1Co 1:14), and the fourth, Erastus, was "chamberlain of the city" (Ro 16:23), which can hardly be supposed to be other than Corinth. The phrase used is either in allusion to the priests and Levites, who were separated from their brethren the children of Israel, to their sacred employments; or rather to the apostle's having been "a Pharisee", which signifies "one separated", as he was now; only with this difference, before he was separated to the law, but now "to the Gospel", to preach and defend it, which he did with all faithfulness and integrity; the excellency of which Gospel is signified by its being called "the Gospel of God": he is the author of it; his grace is the subject of it; and he it is who commits it to men, qualifies them for the preaching of it, and succeeds them in it. For the meaning of the word "gospel," see the note at Matthew 1:1. Paul applies the term to himself, Galatians 1:10; Philippians 1:1; Titus 1:1; and frequently to express the relation of believers to Christ. The idea of “slavery” in the present day has altogether different associations. a. Separate me Barnabas and Saul, for the work whereunto I have called them. This commentary has been through Advanced Checking. A chapter by chapter and verse by verse study of Romans taught by Pastor Paul LeBoutillier of Calvary Chapel Ontario, Oregon. It was formerly matter of admiration, and so it became a proverb in Israel: Is Saul also among the prophets? He hastily draws back and corrects himself. And how, if so, is there no salutation to Peter among the many in this Epistle? An apostle - One sent to execute a commission. Beloved of God— And from his free love, not from any merit of yours, called by his word and his Spirit to believe in him, and now through faith holy as he is holy. Romans 1:1-17 1 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle and set apart for the gospel of God— 2 the gospel he promised beforehand through his prophets in the Holy Scriptures 3 regarding his Son, who as to his human nature was a descendant of David, 4 and who through the Spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. Not the preaching of the Gospel, but; the message itself is meant. That this apostolical dignity was not by any desert of his, but by grace only, and the free gift of him that calleth. The daily summaries are written by Wayne D. Turner, Pastor of SouthPointe Bible Fellowship in Fayetteville, Georgia This is the August 13 reading. Sergius Paulus, ( Acts 13:7 Acts 13:9 ) ; others, The letter can be broken down into two major sections, namely, doctrine (1:18-11:36) and then application (12:1-15:13). The name is also given to the Messiah, Isaiah 42:1, "Behold my servant in whom my soul delighteth," etc. ROMANS 1:1 Paul’s epistolary openings are typically more serious and doctrinal than his Greco-Roman contemporaries. The apostle Paul was unreservedly committed to Christ and to the ministry of the gospel. And how, consistently with his declared principle—not to build on another man's foundation (Ro 15:20)—could he express his anxious desire to come to them that he might have some fruit among them also, even as among other Gentiles (Ro 1:13), if all the while he knew that they had the apostle of the circumcision for their spiritual father? Others find in the name an expression of humility, according to Paul's declaration that he was "the least of the apostles" (1 Corinthians 15:9). It is significant then that his Romans salutation exhibits a greater depth and breadth than any other NT letter. and Rev. The function of an apostle was to preach the gospel Paul regarded himself as separated to this work. The word involves the ideas of belonging to a master, and of service as a slave. Footnotes. Article Images Copyright © 2021 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. And thus it is not improbable that up to the time of the apostle's arrival the Christian community at Rome had been dependent upon subordinate agency for the increase of its numbers, aided by occasional visits of stated preachers from the provinces; and perhaps it may be gathered from the salutations of the last chapter that it was up to that time in a less organized, though far from less flourishing state, than some other churches to whom the apostle had already addressed Epistles. The name of the author of this epistle is Paul, who formerly was called Saul. gospel—neither so late as when "the Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul" (Ac 13:2), nor so early as when "separated from his mother's womb" (see on [2168]Ga 1:15). Commentary on Romans 1:1-7 (Read Romans 1:1-7) The doctrine of which the apostle Paul wrote, set forth the fulfilment of the promises by the prophets. The apostle uses it here evidently to denote his acknowledging Jesus Christ as his master; as indicating his dignity, as especially appointed by him to his great work; and as showing that in this Epistle he intended to assume no authority of his own, but simply to declare the will of his master, and theirs. "Called to be an apostle" (A.V. Undoubtedly, he could think of n… The central idea of the passage is that of the whole epistle, that the Gospel, as preached by Paul to the Gentiles, was not … This is a chronologically-ordered Bible site with commentary on each passage. called to be an apostle: an apostle was one that was immediately sent by Christ, and had his authority and doctrine directly from him, and had a power of working miracles from him, in confirmation of the truth of his mission, authority, and doctrine; all which were to be found in the author of this epistle, who did not thrust himself into this office, or take this honour to himself, of which he always judged himself unworthy, but was "called" to it according to the will, and by the grace of God: separated unto the Gospel of God. chiefly regards him as a minister of the Gospel: called to be an apostle: It has just as much in common with a theological treatise as is consistent with the freedom and warmth of a real letter. Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ Others, an allusion to his diminutive stature; and others again think that he assumed the name out of compliment to Sergius Paulus, the deputy of Cyprus. On that supposition, how are we to account for so important a circumstance being passed by in silence by the historian of the Acts, not only in the narrative of Peter's labors, but in that of Paul's approach to the metropolis, of the deputations of Roman "brethren" that came as far as Appii Forum and the Three Taverns to meet him, and of his two years' labors there (Ac 28:15, 30)? 1:10] a servant # 1:1 For the contextual rendering of the Greek word doulos, see Preface of Christ Jesus, # 1 Cor. Unto the gospel of God; that is, to the preaching and publishing of it. commits it to men, qualifies them for the preaching of it, and A servant of Jesus Christ, is a higher title than monarch of the world: several great emperors styled themselves Christ's vassals. Copyright © 2021, Bible Study Tools. : Galatians 1:12-24; 2 Corinthians 12:12; 1 Timothy 2:7; 2 Timothy 1:11; Romans 11:13. Using a figure of speech (‘litote’) to say a positive … Continue reading "Commentary on Romans 1:1-17" Verse by Verse Bible Study on www.thecloudchurch.org through the book of Romans, covering chapter 1 and verses one to seventeen by Robert Breaker. Romans 1:1-7. Others of them who had made the apostle's acquaintance elsewhere, and who, if not indebted to him for their first knowledge of Christ, probably owed much to his ministrations, seemed to have charged themselves with the duty of cherishing and consolidating the work of the Lord in the capital. And peace— All manner of blessi… This large body of material is bracketed by an introduction (1:1-17) and a postscript (15:14-16:27). OVERVIEW. nor a disgraceful, but a most honourable character; and which The verb means "to mark off (ἀπό) from others by a boundary (ὅρος)." Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ. difference, before he was separated to the law, but now "to the He was called at one and the same time to the faith and the apostleship of Christ (Ac 26:16-18). Take up and read!”b. Or else it may respect the more immediate commission he had from Christ himself, Act 9:15 26:16-18. the Jews; one by which they went among the Gentiles, and another The usual salutation of the Apostle is expanded, as is natural in writing to persons whom he has not seen, into a description both of himself and of his Gospel. Commentary, Romans 1:1-7, Dirk G. Lange, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2010. At Romans 1:16-17 Paul presents his conception of the gospel. Romans 1:1 Parallel Verses [⇓ See commentary ⇓] Romans 1:1, NIV: "Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle and set apart for the gospel of God--" Romans 1:1, ESV: "Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God," Romans 1:1, KJV: "Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God," mission, authority, and doctrine; all which were to be found in office, or take this honour to himself, of which he always judged ; Isaiah 53:11, "shall my righteous servant justify many." On this occasion there accompanied him from Corinth certain persons whose names are given by the historian of the Acts (Ac 20:4), and four of these are expressly mentioned in our Epistle as being with the apostle when he wrote it—Timotheus, Sosipater, Gaius, and Erastus (Ro 16:21, 23). The defining elements are added subsequently in Romans 1:3, Romans 1:4. About Paul’s letter to the *Romans About the first Christians in Rome. (c) Appointed by God to preach the gospel. 2. 5:4]; See 2 Cor. The reference here is to the historical fact of the selection of St. Paul to be an Apostle; in Galatians 1:15 (“it pleased God, who separated me from my mother’s womb”), it is rather to the more distant act of divine predestination. Introduction Paul’s letter to the Romans is probably the most systematic presentation of the gospel in all of his writings, and indeed in all of the NT. It remains only to speak briefly of the Plan and Character Of this Epistle. The remainder of the Epistle is devoted to sundry practical topics, winding up with salutations and outpourings of heart delightfully suggestive. Romans 1:1. Dr. Morison observes that the superscription is peerless for its wealth of theological idea. Certain it is, that the apostle writes to them expressly as a Gentile Church (Ro 1:13, 15; 15:15, 16); and though it is plain that there were Jewish Christians among them, and the whole argument presupposes an intimate acquaintance on the part of his readers with the leading principles of the Old Testament, this will be sufficiently explained by supposing that the bulk of them, having before they knew the Lord been Gentile proselytes to the Jewish faith, had entered the pale of the Christian Church through the gate of the ancient economy. Finally, Phœbebe, the bearer, as appears, of this Epistle, was a deaconess of the Church at Cenchrea, the eastern port of Corinth (Ro 16:1). He was then on the eve of visiting Jerusalem with a pecuniary contribution for its Christian poor from the churches of Macedonia and Achaia, after which his purpose was to pay a visit to Rome on his way to Spain (Ro 15:23-28). This may be due to personal unfamiliarity with the audience, or perhaps 4 to stress his apostolic credentials (Morris 1988, 35). This is the sole business of all ministers of "religion.". In short, his self-construal was—and always will be—since the Damascus road anyway, one who was a free and willing slaveof the Lord Jesus Christ. (2) Paul, exhorting the Romans to give diligent heed to him, in that he shows that he comes not in his own name, but as God's messenger to the Gentiles, entreats them with the weightiest matter that exists, promised long ago by God, by many good witnesses, and now at length indeed performed. (1) The first part of the epistle contains a most profitable preface down to verse six. sacred employments; or rather to the apostle's having been "The opening of the letter to the Romans contains, in seven tightly packed verses, a summary of the themes that will be discussed in the rest of the letter." Romans 12:2 Parallel Verses [⇓ See commentary ⇓] Romans 12:2, NIV: "Do not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind.Then you will be able to test and approve what God's will is--his good, pleasing and perfect will." It was not to live in splendor, wealth, and ease, but to devote himself to this great business of proclaiming good news, that God was reconciled to people in his Son. Now you can! But as, in addition to this, the prophets and kings of Israel were officially "the servants of the Lord" (Jos 1:1; Ps 18:1, title), the apostles call themselves, in the same official sense, "the servants of Christ" (as here, and Php 1:1; Jas 1:1; 2Pe 1:1; Jude 1), expressing such absolute subjection and devotion to the Lord Jesus as they would never have yielded to a mere creature. Or else it may have respect to Act 13:2, where the Holy Ghost did actually order he should be separated for the work to which he had called him. The same considerations would seem to prove that this church owed its origin to no prominent Christian laborer; and this brings us to the much-litigated question. It is applied because the apostles were sent out by Jesus Christ to preach his gospel, and to establish his church; Matthew 10:2 note; Luke 6:13 note. Werner Bible Commentary "For freedom Christ has freed us" — Galatians 5:1. The heathen name rises to the surface at the moment when St. Paul visibly enters on his office as the apostle of the heathen. And we may say, with great astonishment, Is Saul also among the apostles? This may regard either God's eternal purpose concerning him, his preordination of him from eternity to be a preacher of the Gospel, to which he was separated from his mother's womb, Galatians 1:15; or the separation of him to that work made by the order of the Spirit of God, Acts 13:2. (a) Minister, for this word servant is not taken in this place as set against the word freeman, but rather refers to and declares his ministry and office. The Genuineness of the Epistle to the Romans has never been questioned. Please enter your email address associated with your Salem All-Pass account, then click Continue. The ambiguous genitive, the gospel of God, seems to mean, “the gospel which proceeds from God,” “of which God is the author;” not “of which God is the object.”. In this sense it is applied to the disciples of Christ at large (1Co 7:21-23), as in the Old Testament to all the people of God (Isa 66:14). Nor are indications wanting that some of those embraced in the salutations of this Epistle were Christians already of long standing, if not among the earliest converts to the Christian faith. Ever want to know what Andrew thinks about certain verses of the Bible? The Greek indicates that the writer was actually in the apostolate - a called apostle. Paul introduces himself in dramatic fashion to the Roman Christians. This may regard either God's eternal purpose concerning him, his It denotes those who are "separated," or called out from the common mass; Acts 19:9; 2 Corinthians 6:17. When and Where this Epistle was written we have the means of determining with great precision, from the Epistle itself compared with the Acts of the Apostles. They were scattered up and down in that large city, and not yet reduced into the form of a church. (vwrp) , "a Pharisee", It expresses the condition of one who has a master, or who is at the control of another. which signifies "one separated", as he was now; only with this Amplified: For I am yearning to see you, that I may impart and share with you some spiritual gift to strengthen and establish you; (Amplified Bible - Lockman) Yet, as Dr. Morison observes, there is an ambiguity in the rendering, since he who is simply called to be an apostle may have his apostleship as yet only in the future. He is anxious to see them, that he may impart to them some spiritual gift. OVERVIEW. or, if it may be thought that he was known to be elsewhere at that particular time, how does there occur in all the Epistles which our apostle afterwards wrote from Rome not one allusion to such an origin of the church at Rome? Compare 1 Corinthians 7:22; Galatians 4:7; Ephesians 6:6; Plm 1:16. by they were called in their own land; (See Gill on Acts Separated - The word translated "separated unto," ἀφορίζω aphorizō, means to designate, to mark out by fixed limits, to bound as a field, etc. Called to be an apostle - This word called means here not merely to be invited, but has the sense of appointed. 1:1 called to be an apostle, # See Acts 13:2 set apart for the gospel of God, 2 which # Titus 1:2 he promised beforehand # ch. Compare Galatians 1:15, and "chosen vessel," Acts 9:15. Romans 1:1. Home » Bible Commentaries » Comments on Romans. Inductive Bible study on Romans 1:1-17. That army controlled all the countries that surround the Mediterranean Sea. It is called the gospel of God because it is his appointment; it has been originated by him, and has his authority. It was important for Paul to state this. Characterizing the preceding phrase more precisely: definitely separated from the rest of mankind. The bearing of these wonderful truths upon the condition and destiny of the Chosen People, to which the apostle next comes, though it seem but the practical application of them to his kinsmen according to the flesh, is in some respects the deepest and most difficult part of the whole Epistle, carrying us directly to the eternal springs of Grace to the guilty in the sovereign love and inscrutable purposes of God; after which, however, we are brought back to the historical platform of the visible Church, in the calling of the Gentiles, the preservation of a faithful Israelitish remnant amidst the general unbelief and fall of the nation, and the ultimate recovery of all Israel to constitute, with the Gentiles in the latter day, one catholic Church of God upon earth. It is because the epistle to the Romans has the most complete diagnosis of the plague of man’s sin, and the most glorious setting forth of the simple remedy of justification by faith apart from the works of the law.” Thus begins Part One of Barnhouse’s massive commentary on Romans. 1:1; [1 Cor. ἈΦΩΡΙΣΜΈΝΟς ΕἸς ΕὐΑΓΓ, And it is also our privilege to have the same access to God in Christ, The whole world is certainly under obligation to such a servant as this, Σαῦλον εἰς τὸ ἔργον ο} ππροσκέκλημαι αὐτούς, ὁ ἀφόρρισας με ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου καὶ καλίσας, Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers. Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers (12) That is, that I may be comforted. Romans 2:1-4 Commentary| Romans 2:5-11 Commentary Romans 2:1-11 Handout | Podcast |Bible Study Questions Introduction. The meaning here does not materially differ from the expression, "called to be an apostle," except that perhaps this includes the notion of the purpose or designation of God to this work. Double names also, national and foreign, often occur in combination, as Belteshazzar-Daniel; Esther-Hadasa; thus Saul-Paulus. Godet, "an apostle by way of call. He introduces “hope” in the story of Abraham’s faith (Romans 4:18), and develops the concept in chapter 5. Read Romans 1:1 commentary using Robertson's Word Pictures of the New Testament. of It is applied to the prophets as those who were honored by God, or especially entrusted by him with office; Deuteronomy 34:5; Joshua 1:2; Jeremiah 25:4. It was a favorite name among the Cilicians, and the nearest approach in sound to the Hebrew Saul. Updated: Sun, 02/16/2020 - 09:39 By admin. Greek: epipo tho gar idein humas, hi na ti metad o charisma humin pneumatikon eis to sterichthenai humas,. R Ruin (Romans 1:17 – 3:20) – The utter sinfulness of humanity O Offer (Romans 3:21-31) … faithfulness and integrity; the excellency of which Gospel is his authority and doctrine directly from him, and had a power of The most searching investigations of modern criticism have left it untouched. Submitted by admin on Thu, 2009-02-12 18:20. The Greek word, in both places, is the same. and by the grace of God: separated unto the Gospel of God. In Romans the Pauline praescriptio is expanded and expressed in a formal tone; it emphasizes Paul’s office as apostle to the Gentiles. All rights reserved. Rom 1:3–4 stress the gospel or kerygma, Rom 1:2 the fulfillment of God’s promise, and Rom 1:1, 5 Paul’s office. That it owed its origin to the apostle Peter, and that he was its first bishop, though an ancient tradition and taught in the Church of Rome as a fact not to be doubted, is refuted by the clearest evidence, and is given up even by candid Romanists. Some think he alludes to the name of Pharisee, which is from separating: when he was a Pharisee, he was separated to the law of God; and now, being a Christian, he was separated to the gospel of God. Romans 1-4 Listen . Select here for a new reading date:  BibleTrack Home & Index << Acts 28: Rom 5 >> For New King James text and comment, click here. 1 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle and set apart for the gospel of God — 2 the gospel he promised beforehand through his prophets in the Holy Scriptures 3 regarding his Son, who as to his earthly life [] was a descendant of David, 4 and who through the Spirit of holiness was appointed the Son of God in power [] by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord. Called to be an apostle (κλητὸς ἀπόστολος), As the previous phrase describes generally Paul's relation to Christ, this expression indicates it specifically. Romans 1:1-32 . Note 2 at Romans 1:1: Notice that Paul spoke of his servitude to Christ before he mentioned his apostleship. California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. the separation of him to that work made by the order of the grace in conversion; which is no ways contrary to true liberty; Thus, Paul uses the same word respecting himself; Galatians 1:15, "God, who separated me from my mother's womb, and called me by his grace," that is, God designated me; marked me out; or designed that I should be an apostle from my infancy. Romans 1 Resources. Romans 1:11 For I long to see you so that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, that you may be established (NASB: Lockman). (See on [2165]Ac 9:5; [2166]Ac 22:14; [2167]1Co 9:1). Salem Media Group. Romans 1: A Concise Commentary* November 1, 2019 by Zane Hodges in Grace in Focus Articles *The following is a condensed version of the full-length commenty by Hodges on Romans. a servant of Jesus Christ—The word here rendered "servant" means "bond-servant," or one subject to the will and wholly at the disposal of another. Referring to the headings which we have prefixed to its successive sections, as best exhibiting the progress of the argument and the connection of its points, we here merely note that its first great topic is what may be termed the legal relation of man to God as a violator of His holy law, whether as merely written on the heart, as in the case of the heathen, or, as in the case of the Chosen People, as further known by external revelation; that it next treats of that legal relation as wholly reversed through believing connection with the Lord Jesus Christ; and that its third and last great topic is the new life which accompanies this change of relation, embracing at once a blessedness and a consecration to God which, rudimentally complete already, will open, in the future world, into the bliss of immediate and stainless fellowship with God. » the apostle of the world: several great emperors styled themselves Christ 's vassals Peter among many... 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