Using 12 microsatellite markers, we evaluated 132 varieties along this gradient. The PCR amplification program (S2 Table) was from Roullier et al. Gwandu et al. There's also a version of sweet potato that has a thin yellow skin and yellow flesh, though those are less common. The trait was considered as specific to a group when the p-value of the test was < 0.05 for paired tests. “This term [yam] is preserved in Gullah as well other African Creole languages like Jamaican Creole,” says Twitty. Natural sweetness lends itself to a wide variety of delicious recipes such as sweet potato pie, pancakes, muffins, biscuits or even bisque. Hence, scientific name of Sweet Potato is used worldwide. The three other genetic groups: “Tropical arid accessions”, “Tropical-Sahelian accessions group 1” and “Tropical-Saharan accessions group 2” contained accessions from both Togo and Senegal. The Tropical arid accessions group was the most widespread across villages and accessions from this group were found in 67% of the villages (Table 1, S1 Table and Fig 5). Identifying specific morphological traits related to the genetic groups is a very useful way to study diversity in the field, and morphology could help design conservation strategies that maximize genetic diversity. In Senegal (Saint Louis) the climate is Sahelian. Pexels. The table reports the membership probability according to structure analyse of each individual and genetic group appurtenance as defined by DAPC results. This can be explained by frequent exchanges between villages in Togo because farmers go to other villages to look for work. Unlike regular potatoes, sweet potatoes grow from transplants, also called slips. Is the Subject Area "Sweet potato" applicable to this article? An individual is represented as a vertical bar. From one to three nodes of each of the 112 accessions were planted (236 cuttings with an average 2.10 per accession). If it isn't fork-tender after five minutes, continue to microwave in one-minute increments until done. The importance of these phenotype traits for breeders is mentioned in many studies [16, 42]. However, we covered a wide range of climates, from the tropical humid area to the Sahel, and we consequently have a good power to show such genetic, geographic and climatic congruence. For successive values of K from 3 to 5, six agro-morphological traits distinguished a genetic group whatever the K-value: the main color of the skin of the root, leaf outline, the number of lobes, the type of central leaf lobe, the color of the leaf veins and the color of the immature leaf. Sweet potato slips are produced by year-old sweet potatoes in hot … “Most enslaved people preferred white [yams] because the starchy drier taste most resembled the taste of sweet cassava or tropical yams.”. When K = 3, seven traits were associated. Environmental and climatic variations have also been shown to be associated with the diversity of cassava in Amazonia [36]. Indeed, the climate in Togo is contrasted and diversified: arid in the north and humid in the south. Bake until tender, 45 to 50 minutes. But with K = 6, the subdivision of the groups was less clear (S3 Fig). Examples of sweet potato in a sentence, how to use it. Given an allotted amount of money and clear instructions for the purchase, my sisters and I selected vegetables that were listed only in memory. The PCR was performed on a Techne Gradient TC Plus Thermocycler using the following program: 15 min at 95°C, 35 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 90 s at hybridization temperature varying from 58°C to 60°C (S2 Table), 60 s at 72°C and 30 min at 60°C. 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